Periodontal Disease

What is Periodontics?

Periodontics is an area of dental study which includes the diagnosis and treatment of gum disease as well as gum disease prevention. Treatments used to keep gums healthy include regular cleaning methods and deep cleaning options such as root planing and scaling. Gum grafts and osseous surgery which replaces lost gum and bone tissue also fall under the category of periodontics.

What Causes Gum Disease?

Gum, or periodontal, disease can develop when bacteria which normally occurs in the mouth builds up along the gum line. This area can be difficult for people to clean and frequently the bacteria hide under hardened plaque, called tartar, between the teeth, and along the top of teeth when the gum meets the tooth. As the number of bacteria goes up, it releases toxins which cause the tissue of the gums to recede from the tooth surface. When the gums shrink back or recede, more of the tooth surface is exposed to harmful bacteria. When left untreated the bacteria can reach the tooth root and cause an infection which loosens the tooth. This can cause tooth loss.

What Symptoms Are Associated with Gum Disease?

Gum disease can cause a number of symptoms and it will depend on how far along the disease has progressed. In the earlier stages, it usually causes few symptoms. As the disease progresses the symptoms can include:

• Loose teeth
• Receding gums
• Red, tender, swollen gums
• Bleeding gums, especially when brushing
• Tooth pain
• Sensitivity to hot and cold
• Deep infections or abscesses near tooth roots

Periodontal disease is the number one cause of adult tooth loss in the U.S. Going to the dentist for regular cleanings and exams is the best way to ensure both your teeth and gums are healthy. Exams should take place every six months. Avoiding sugary foods and beverages which bacteria love also helps to prevent gum disease.